Co-text, context, and listening proficiency as crucial variables in intelligibility among nonnative users of English

Abstract Research on intelligibility in international encounters has long focused issues of pronunciation to the detriment factors such as linguistic co-text and extralinguistic context, which are comparatively well-studied variables research concerning L1 listeners. This paper seeks expand scope this respect by reporting a large-scale study involving 423 nonnative listeners at different proficiency levels, who transcribed words spoken with another accent under four conditions that varied availability syntactic, semantic, schematic cues. The results suggest context well listening crucial ought receive greater attention intelligibility. pedagogical implications these findings addressed well.